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| c. 620 |
| | | The Irish monk St Aidan moves from Iona to establish a monastery on Lindisfarne | |
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| c. 698 |
| | | The Lindisfarne Gospels are written and illuminated by Celtic monks on the Scottish island of Lindisfarne | |
|  | Lindisfarne Gospels
British Library
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| 845 |
| | | On the orders of the T'ang emperor, 4000 monasteries are destroyed in China and 250,000 monks and nuns forced into secular life | |
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| 909 |
| | | Monastic reform, begun at Cluny, is so successful that more than 1000 Benedictine houses eventually follow the Cluniac example | |
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| 1084 |
| | | St Bruno and six companions retire to Chartreuse, in the French Alps, and establish the Carthusian order | |
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| 1096 |
| | | Peter the Hermit, an old monk on a donkey, leads the largest of the popular groups from Germany on the first crusade | |
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| c. 1098 |
| | | Benedictine monks, wishing to return to the early ideals of the order, form a community at Cîteaux which becomes the Cistercian order | |
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| 1115 |
| | | St Bernard establishes a new monastery at Clairvaux, from which he presides over the rapid expansion of the Cistercian order | |
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| 1210 |
| | | St Francis and eleven companions tell Innocent III of their wish for a life of holy poverty in the bustle of the towns | |
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| 1215 |
| | | St Dominic and his companions tell Innocent III of their wish to teach and preach in the bustle of the towns | |
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